| ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 100 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 8 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠪᠠ᠃ | | | | | ᠶ᠊ ᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 100 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠪᠠ ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ | ᠤᠷᠮᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | | | | | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠪᠠ᠂ 1840 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ | 9500 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠶ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ︕ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ 《 ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠳᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠨ | ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠨᠡ 》 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ | ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ | ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | |